When current is introduced to a ground rod, in which direction does the current flow?

When current is introduced to a ground rod, it disperses into the surrounding earth, flowing outwards in multiple directions. This phenomenon occurs due to two primary factors: the conductive properties of the soil and the distribution of the electric field created by the current. As the current enters the ground rod from the electrical system, it interacts with the soil particles, which facilitate the movement of electrons. This interaction allows the current to spread out radially, effectively radiating in all directions from the point of introduction.

The grounding system is designed to ensure safety by providing a low-resistance path for fault currents to disperse, minimizing the risk of electric shock or equipment damage. Thus, the correct understanding of current flow from a ground rod is that it emanates in all directions, making it essential for electrical engineers and technicians to consider when designing grounding systems.